Manifesto

 The history of architecture has started in ancient times many thousand years ago. Every continents, every era have their own type of architecture, and wanted to be unique from other you has come before them. Every part of history of architecture, has try to develop from what previously has happen to try to satisfy their own wants and their own understanding of architecture where ideas have developed into much more greater than before. However, some also has been influenced from the previous, so taken the interesting part of those that came before, and use those idea to adapt it with their own style of architecture, and how they have understand it. From the study, starting the early/late renaissance period, where it has taken architecture from greek or roman period and use it in their architecture to create the sysmetry plan and using the human proportion or the idea of god to use and apply to human use and follow the rule that has been set. Though, there are architects who against and opposed it in Baroque period, they have tried to achieve it in their own way with making the architecture looking ambiguious and contradiction. Lead to the Modernism, where also using the same idea of Renaissance and apply and design architecture in the modern way, full with geometric shape and have a specific architectural language in its own way. But like some, who opposed it with new ideas that doesnt follow the previous era came the Post modernism period, where they do their own things and think that other's ideas were wrong, they tried to go against the rule that Modernism had come up with how they want people to perceieve the architecture which is trying to make complexity and contradiction in architectectural language creating the ambiguity in perception.. After all this strictly rule that need to be follow in each period of era, or else it would be banish and being against, the present new period of architecture has come which is the contemporary or the expressionism architecture, those architects have try to achieve is by looking and studying the architecture in the past and try to use those idea and come up with the new looking architecture that is appropriate to this present time. Architecture changes all the time when it has reached the peak of its time, and since new architects always have new ideas that doesnt conclude in the same idea, they tend to take over that period of era. It is the revolutionary that sometimes you would be able to find the existing history reoccuring again like the 'Renaissance/Baroque' and 'Modernism/Post Modernism', eventhough, both are at different period of time, but both periods have tried to take over and opposed one another ideas by making the architecture that had rules and need to be strictly follow in architectural language, making it indifferent of ambiguity. This can be said that by using the same idea of architect but just tried to adapt it that would suit in their own period of time.

Renaissance to Baroque

Renaissance is considered as to be modern in those era, and Baroque is a kind of Post modern that come after Renaissance. Renaissance are full with geometric shapes and symmetry where proportions are based on human scale in their architecture. Everything is considered to be new and have to be strictly followed the rule and precisely wanting everything to be perfect. In contrast, Baroque architecture used the idea of ambiguity and contradiction, where as you can call it post modernism, which is related to the idea of Robert Venturi's complexity and contradiction. They do the opposite of Renaissance architects, where Baroque architects would go beyond from what they it has already been created, by creating the architecture that is expressive with their decorations.

Starting Baroque with Bernini, who has a lot of influence by Michelangelo. He focused his work a lot on emotional expressions, playing with dramatic light where painting, sculture and architecture blends together into one. It can be notice by the sculpture of Bernini and Michelangelo's David, that Bernini sculpture is more dramatic and expressive, looking very alive as a sculpture.

Another architect in Baroque period is Boromini, who is a commoner and has no rich commision and use the luxury material like Bernini had. His work, 'San Caloalle Quarttro Fortane', a small chapel where Borromini acheieved with only form, light and geometry. He uses simple, common, cheap material to make complex geometry, which has turn be to much more expressive with simple and cheap tool more than the architecture of Bernini's design. Borromini created the architecture that is 'both and' in the post modernism way, that it is full with complexity and contradiction when u are looking at it. He is very good at using something that has very simple form or tool and abel to turn it into something that is complex by just making its arrangement.

As in conclusion, it is able to be said that Modern and Post modernism in this 1900s also has follow the early period of architecture, which has considered to be the very early architecture type, has influenced on many of architecture that has stand out in this period of time.

Late Renaissance Dates

From the Renaissance period, of having the influence of the greek or classical style of architecture. The 3 major influence in the late Renaissance period were Donato Bramante, Michelangelo Buonarroti, and Andrea Palladio.

These 3 have created many renaissance architecture that were inspired and have changed from something very sacred like the Pantheon of having like a symmetry plan or proportional in size and having a oculus or dome which are used or represent god; to something that is used for human being which have profane from the classical architecture.

Donato Bramante have created Trompe L'oeil - or trick of the eye, which is a perspective painting of the eye that draw you to the center of the painting, which would created something that look real, and made you think that the room is bigger than it has to be. He used a lot of symmetry, even in his painting and has try to make it proportional.

Followed by Michelangelo Buonarroti, he understand the massiveness much better than Bramante, where he thickened the pier, below the dome of the St. Peter church and walls along the exterior of where Bramante have worked on it before. Michelangelo is a florentine artist, and preferred to make sculpture but he was force by the popes to make paintings and architectural designs of the renaissance. One of his architectural work that was made for the medici, which is used as a library is in florence, where you see the columns on top of the scroll on the foundation of the wall, causing it make an ambiguity about walls, and structure or the decoration.

Another architect, Andrea Palladio, who followed a lot more of Brunelleschi and Bramante in trying to make a perfect symmetry. Using durability, convenience, beauty in all of his architecture. Vicenza Basillica is having a facade that are symmetrical, and able to classify the structure of the building itself. Another of his famous building is Villa Rotunda which was totally influence from the Pantheon and Bramante and Michelangelo's St. Peter's church design the sacred cut. Situated on top of the hill overlooking the city, where as in greek architecture also having like the Parthenon on top of the hill where it is the place for god.

As conclusion, you would be able to see that many of the architecture have to take a lot of inspiration from the past architecture and adapt it to use it in the time that suitable for those period.

Then till Now of the view in Architecture

As time passed, things around us keep changing all the times including architecture, but as it changed, some idea of the pass was either being renewed, or remaked, or being inspired and apply to the present architecture.

For example, the Classical to Modernism, Modernism was all about new idea, new ways of building architecture, and one of the significant architect during that period is Le Corbusier, where his theory of Modular man was concerning about the proportion of human to be able to fit in space and used the theory of golden ratio and apply to it. Where as, in the classical times, there is also the study of the Vitruvian man by Leonardo Da Vinci, where as you can see that they were trying to make the proportions in the human body as well, but Le Corbusier take that further to be able to reckon to the concerned of Humanism.

There are also many example in continuity of where after the modernism end, and the Post Modernism had created, this movement was all about denying the concept and idea of modernism, which having the 2 part of it, 'the white and the grey', where one would trying to use the idea of classical, to deny and not accepted the idea of modernism, and one would try to step away from everything and would start his new thing. Another period of times is after the post modernism, comes with the expressionism, trying to use the idea from both modernism, and post modernism, and express the architecture with complexity of form, and use their artistic way to design the architecture that could expressed and their wants of building this architecture.

In my opinion, every part and period of architecture are very important, since all of this are somehow can be related back and forth. Some are being inspired, some are being opposed, but it the end every period of architecture still have their own thoughts and their own kind of way that each architect have toward architecture.

Bigness where Rem Koolhaas has opposed it

The massive architecture that is all around us these day has somehow attracted and influence people to perceive the space that they are in. This space are also call 'Junkspace', where it is just for the sake of building the architecture but didn't execute it properly or didn't care about the context.

Rem Koolhaas is one of the architect who has opposed this idea of bigness and massive architecture. He think that this kind of architecture would be really hard for one to appreciate these kind of architecture. Eventhough it is a huge building and a lot of work and detail have been put in this, but some particular are also very hard to control, for example lighting of the building, which are sometimes hard to control. In my opinion this kind of architecture is for only the sake of inducing people to this places. Rem Koolhaas has practically made use of it. He find his a new logic that is support to the logic that has already exist, irrational logic - contradictions and remake this architecture.

I think every architecture and every architect should have their perimeter of how the architecture should be to be able to execute the design perfectly and one can appreciate and truly experience the architecture with the well qualities and memory.

The Expressionism from Jean Nouvel, Zaha Hadid and Frank Gehry

Many Architect in this present time have their own style of designing architecture, and many of them tend to focus a lot on the expressionism. Though modernism, form follow function but in expressionism function follow form, where these architecture would have a complex form and structure, or some would look really futuristic.

In Jean Nouvel architecture, the building that can see very clearly is the Cartier Foundation, eventhough, the building look very geometric form, but his architecture express the real and unreal. The building play with the reflective obscure. Blending the image that when u look at the glass you wouldn't tell is the image that you see is behind or in front of the glass. Also another of his project, Wing of the loops, Abu Dhabi, where the architecture has the geometric roof, but the context is the art that light has project through the wall making the shadow an art on the ground. Many of Jean Nouvel building is expressive, his architecture scream out that what is the building purposely for.

Another expressionism architect is Zaha Hadid, one of the most popular woman architect in this century. Her architecture is about the movement almost like a futuristic kind of architecture. The movement of the building draw the person into the building and follow the pathway. She didn't not do just the exterior but the interior also have an impact that guide people to places in the building.

Another great architect in this period is Frank Gehry, being well know from his very unique style of architecture, having a very curvy and complex form of building. Like the Disney Concert hall in Los Angeles or the Guggenheim Musuem in Bilboa,Spain, where I'm sure its has a very complex structure and very hard to build this kind of architecture. But in design of architecture it has turn out that the architecture seem to be more popular and attract people to come to this place to see the architecture than to serve what its function suppose to be.

In my Opinion, having this kind of architecture is very special, very interesting, and very new, but eventhough it look complex, but it also should be also be able to function properly and serve what the purpose of the building should be.

Rem Koolhaas - A kind of architect

Rem Koolhaas, a dutch architect who is one of the most significant architect in this present time. He started his career with being a journalist and a filmmaker. This career has somehow turn him to be an architect, where he has started to study at AA, London, later established his own company Office of Metropolitan Architecture (OMA)

OMA has turned to be one of the most world leading international partnership practicing architecture. Producing the architecture all over the world from the residential that has influences on the way people live to the most important public building like museum, embassy, and skyscraper.  Rem Koolhaas has been getting a lot of inspiration from the leading history architect, who establish the world of modernism, where there are the 'white' and the 'grey'

Rem Koolhaas had take those inspiration and use it in his work in the post modernism architecture. However, he is a kind of architect who uses the inspiration that he has and adapt to his own kind of architect, where he would develop it into more complex and complicated kind of architecture.