Manifesto

 The history of architecture has started in ancient times many thousand years ago. Every continents, every era have their own type of architecture, and wanted to be unique from other you has come before them. Every part of history of architecture, has try to develop from what previously has happen to try to satisfy their own wants and their own understanding of architecture where ideas have developed into much more greater than before. However, some also has been influenced from the previous, so taken the interesting part of those that came before, and use those idea to adapt it with their own style of architecture, and how they have understand it. From the study, starting the early/late renaissance period, where it has taken architecture from greek or roman period and use it in their architecture to create the sysmetry plan and using the human proportion or the idea of god to use and apply to human use and follow the rule that has been set. Though, there are architects who against and opposed it in Baroque period, they have tried to achieve it in their own way with making the architecture looking ambiguious and contradiction. Lead to the Modernism, where also using the same idea of Renaissance and apply and design architecture in the modern way, full with geometric shape and have a specific architectural language in its own way. But like some, who opposed it with new ideas that doesnt follow the previous era came the Post modernism period, where they do their own things and think that other's ideas were wrong, they tried to go against the rule that Modernism had come up with how they want people to perceieve the architecture which is trying to make complexity and contradiction in architectectural language creating the ambiguity in perception.. After all this strictly rule that need to be follow in each period of era, or else it would be banish and being against, the present new period of architecture has come which is the contemporary or the expressionism architecture, those architects have try to achieve is by looking and studying the architecture in the past and try to use those idea and come up with the new looking architecture that is appropriate to this present time. Architecture changes all the time when it has reached the peak of its time, and since new architects always have new ideas that doesnt conclude in the same idea, they tend to take over that period of era. It is the revolutionary that sometimes you would be able to find the existing history reoccuring again like the 'Renaissance/Baroque' and 'Modernism/Post Modernism', eventhough, both are at different period of time, but both periods have tried to take over and opposed one another ideas by making the architecture that had rules and need to be strictly follow in architectural language, making it indifferent of ambiguity. This can be said that by using the same idea of architect but just tried to adapt it that would suit in their own period of time.

Renaissance to Baroque

Renaissance is considered as to be modern in those era, and Baroque is a kind of Post modern that come after Renaissance. Renaissance are full with geometric shapes and symmetry where proportions are based on human scale in their architecture. Everything is considered to be new and have to be strictly followed the rule and precisely wanting everything to be perfect. In contrast, Baroque architecture used the idea of ambiguity and contradiction, where as you can call it post modernism, which is related to the idea of Robert Venturi's complexity and contradiction. They do the opposite of Renaissance architects, where Baroque architects would go beyond from what they it has already been created, by creating the architecture that is expressive with their decorations.

Starting Baroque with Bernini, who has a lot of influence by Michelangelo. He focused his work a lot on emotional expressions, playing with dramatic light where painting, sculture and architecture blends together into one. It can be notice by the sculpture of Bernini and Michelangelo's David, that Bernini sculpture is more dramatic and expressive, looking very alive as a sculpture.

Another architect in Baroque period is Boromini, who is a commoner and has no rich commision and use the luxury material like Bernini had. His work, 'San Caloalle Quarttro Fortane', a small chapel where Borromini acheieved with only form, light and geometry. He uses simple, common, cheap material to make complex geometry, which has turn be to much more expressive with simple and cheap tool more than the architecture of Bernini's design. Borromini created the architecture that is 'both and' in the post modernism way, that it is full with complexity and contradiction when u are looking at it. He is very good at using something that has very simple form or tool and abel to turn it into something that is complex by just making its arrangement.

As in conclusion, it is able to be said that Modern and Post modernism in this 1900s also has follow the early period of architecture, which has considered to be the very early architecture type, has influenced on many of architecture that has stand out in this period of time.

Late Renaissance Dates

From the Renaissance period, of having the influence of the greek or classical style of architecture. The 3 major influence in the late Renaissance period were Donato Bramante, Michelangelo Buonarroti, and Andrea Palladio.

These 3 have created many renaissance architecture that were inspired and have changed from something very sacred like the Pantheon of having like a symmetry plan or proportional in size and having a oculus or dome which are used or represent god; to something that is used for human being which have profane from the classical architecture.

Donato Bramante have created Trompe L'oeil - or trick of the eye, which is a perspective painting of the eye that draw you to the center of the painting, which would created something that look real, and made you think that the room is bigger than it has to be. He used a lot of symmetry, even in his painting and has try to make it proportional.

Followed by Michelangelo Buonarroti, he understand the massiveness much better than Bramante, where he thickened the pier, below the dome of the St. Peter church and walls along the exterior of where Bramante have worked on it before. Michelangelo is a florentine artist, and preferred to make sculpture but he was force by the popes to make paintings and architectural designs of the renaissance. One of his architectural work that was made for the medici, which is used as a library is in florence, where you see the columns on top of the scroll on the foundation of the wall, causing it make an ambiguity about walls, and structure or the decoration.

Another architect, Andrea Palladio, who followed a lot more of Brunelleschi and Bramante in trying to make a perfect symmetry. Using durability, convenience, beauty in all of his architecture. Vicenza Basillica is having a facade that are symmetrical, and able to classify the structure of the building itself. Another of his famous building is Villa Rotunda which was totally influence from the Pantheon and Bramante and Michelangelo's St. Peter's church design the sacred cut. Situated on top of the hill overlooking the city, where as in greek architecture also having like the Parthenon on top of the hill where it is the place for god.

As conclusion, you would be able to see that many of the architecture have to take a lot of inspiration from the past architecture and adapt it to use it in the time that suitable for those period.

Then till Now of the view in Architecture

As time passed, things around us keep changing all the times including architecture, but as it changed, some idea of the pass was either being renewed, or remaked, or being inspired and apply to the present architecture.

For example, the Classical to Modernism, Modernism was all about new idea, new ways of building architecture, and one of the significant architect during that period is Le Corbusier, where his theory of Modular man was concerning about the proportion of human to be able to fit in space and used the theory of golden ratio and apply to it. Where as, in the classical times, there is also the study of the Vitruvian man by Leonardo Da Vinci, where as you can see that they were trying to make the proportions in the human body as well, but Le Corbusier take that further to be able to reckon to the concerned of Humanism.

There are also many example in continuity of where after the modernism end, and the Post Modernism had created, this movement was all about denying the concept and idea of modernism, which having the 2 part of it, 'the white and the grey', where one would trying to use the idea of classical, to deny and not accepted the idea of modernism, and one would try to step away from everything and would start his new thing. Another period of times is after the post modernism, comes with the expressionism, trying to use the idea from both modernism, and post modernism, and express the architecture with complexity of form, and use their artistic way to design the architecture that could expressed and their wants of building this architecture.

In my opinion, every part and period of architecture are very important, since all of this are somehow can be related back and forth. Some are being inspired, some are being opposed, but it the end every period of architecture still have their own thoughts and their own kind of way that each architect have toward architecture.

Bigness where Rem Koolhaas has opposed it

The massive architecture that is all around us these day has somehow attracted and influence people to perceive the space that they are in. This space are also call 'Junkspace', where it is just for the sake of building the architecture but didn't execute it properly or didn't care about the context.

Rem Koolhaas is one of the architect who has opposed this idea of bigness and massive architecture. He think that this kind of architecture would be really hard for one to appreciate these kind of architecture. Eventhough it is a huge building and a lot of work and detail have been put in this, but some particular are also very hard to control, for example lighting of the building, which are sometimes hard to control. In my opinion this kind of architecture is for only the sake of inducing people to this places. Rem Koolhaas has practically made use of it. He find his a new logic that is support to the logic that has already exist, irrational logic - contradictions and remake this architecture.

I think every architecture and every architect should have their perimeter of how the architecture should be to be able to execute the design perfectly and one can appreciate and truly experience the architecture with the well qualities and memory.

The Expressionism from Jean Nouvel, Zaha Hadid and Frank Gehry

Many Architect in this present time have their own style of designing architecture, and many of them tend to focus a lot on the expressionism. Though modernism, form follow function but in expressionism function follow form, where these architecture would have a complex form and structure, or some would look really futuristic.

In Jean Nouvel architecture, the building that can see very clearly is the Cartier Foundation, eventhough, the building look very geometric form, but his architecture express the real and unreal. The building play with the reflective obscure. Blending the image that when u look at the glass you wouldn't tell is the image that you see is behind or in front of the glass. Also another of his project, Wing of the loops, Abu Dhabi, where the architecture has the geometric roof, but the context is the art that light has project through the wall making the shadow an art on the ground. Many of Jean Nouvel building is expressive, his architecture scream out that what is the building purposely for.

Another expressionism architect is Zaha Hadid, one of the most popular woman architect in this century. Her architecture is about the movement almost like a futuristic kind of architecture. The movement of the building draw the person into the building and follow the pathway. She didn't not do just the exterior but the interior also have an impact that guide people to places in the building.

Another great architect in this period is Frank Gehry, being well know from his very unique style of architecture, having a very curvy and complex form of building. Like the Disney Concert hall in Los Angeles or the Guggenheim Musuem in Bilboa,Spain, where I'm sure its has a very complex structure and very hard to build this kind of architecture. But in design of architecture it has turn out that the architecture seem to be more popular and attract people to come to this place to see the architecture than to serve what its function suppose to be.

In my Opinion, having this kind of architecture is very special, very interesting, and very new, but eventhough it look complex, but it also should be also be able to function properly and serve what the purpose of the building should be.

Rem Koolhaas - A kind of architect

Rem Koolhaas, a dutch architect who is one of the most significant architect in this present time. He started his career with being a journalist and a filmmaker. This career has somehow turn him to be an architect, where he has started to study at AA, London, later established his own company Office of Metropolitan Architecture (OMA)

OMA has turned to be one of the most world leading international partnership practicing architecture. Producing the architecture all over the world from the residential that has influences on the way people live to the most important public building like museum, embassy, and skyscraper.  Rem Koolhaas has been getting a lot of inspiration from the leading history architect, who establish the world of modernism, where there are the 'white' and the 'grey'

Rem Koolhaas had take those inspiration and use it in his work in the post modernism architecture. However, he is a kind of architect who uses the inspiration that he has and adapt to his own kind of architect, where he would develop it into more complex and complicated kind of architecture.

'Play Time' - Jacques Tati

As the movie begin in the airport in Paris, France with the sound of people entering when they are walking, and people talking, but can't really hear it probably, which convey that Tati wanted to emphasize on the sound of people walking, and the different of sound in walking is in different material and classify by what gender of a person is walking, whether the person is wearing a high heels or a men's shoe

After the airport scene, comes the office building which show all the architecture, which are mostly geometry shape and form, with all window as the big part of the facade material. As the movies goes all the electronic and gadgets is still very not developed, and complicated to use.

More of the architecture during those period in either office or shopping mall is all cubicle, which all of this architecture can be link back to Mies Van der Rohe, who always created and designed architecture in square or rectangular shape and form. In the movie, even the residential are all cubicle and made of glass which all leads to modernism. Although, all this architecture are made with glass but when it comes to privacy, there are none of those, which can be all see thru in and out.

In conclusion, the film architecture is all about the modernism, which is all the high-rise building of the offices which is looking all the same in the rectagular shape and form with the material of glass, creating a straight line.

Visual Acoustics - The Modernism of Julius Shulman Part 1

"Every part of a person's life is based upon an architect presents" and "Architect lives and die by the images that are taken of their work that these images alone are what most people see, for every person who visit a private house, there may be 10,000 who only view it as a photo."

Julius Schulman, a photographer who have defy a way of looking at modernism, he first focusing was on the architecture in 1930s, he continue to document the evolution of build environment and architecture form.

Schulman had worked with many architect like Richard Neutra, where during that time he get to have his once voice, in which he is a photographer who has a very good sense of eyes and sense of composition. However, Schulman and Neutra has a very different mind and style of the picture that each of them wanted it to be. Schulman has always wanted to make the picture looking more than just architecture by adding the furniture, or people into the photograph, where Neutra wanting it to be very natural and just the architecture itself with the surrounding area.

Neutra has introduce Julius to many architects like Rudolf Schindler, Gregory Ain, Harwell Harris, Raphael Soriano, J.R. Davidson, and others.

Schulman's photograph in 1964 was the Case study house no. 22 by Pierre Koening. It was one of the most evocative images of the 20century of architecture. His extraordinary night shot of the no.22 was view by millions across the globe, transform and experimented into one of the world most enduring architecture icons.

Julius Schulman's work of photography in architecture has publish in many media of magazine, and was able to affectively introduce and innovative lifestyle to the american public.

In my opinion, what he did for the no. 22 case study house was really an epic, because the ladies sitting in the house look so lively and normal chatting in the house, making the house more than just an architecture, and looking out seeing the view of Los Angeles, it would be a dream home to be able to live in this house. Also Julius Schulman has a lot of impact in modernism architecture, his photograph has depicted modernism in architecture of the houses that he has photograph.

Le Corbusier - Villa Savoye VS Rem Koolhaas - Maison a Bordeaux

Le Corbusier, the very first architect who started modernism. He has designed one of the very famous of house of the time which is 'Villa Savoye'. It is designed with pure geometry shape and form. The support of the house is spaced regularly, precisely calculated and necessary to elevated the first floor off the ground. In fact, his designed has made the people spending more time on the outside, using freedom in plan, using thin columns, optimising the interior; so the space wouldn't be wasted. There are also many kind of circulation in this house like spiral stair, normal stair and a ramp. The interior of the house is having a non load bearing wall which are free for arrangement for the open plan

In comparing to the Maison a Bordeaux by Rem Koolhaas which is also one of the renowned architect in this century, he had designed this house in many form both in simple and complicated shape. Since the owner of the house said that they didn't want just a simple house, but wanted a complicated one. But the shape isn't just one thing that defined the complicated house. In facts, the House doesn't have any columns, but its support are very minimal which are the I beam attach with , the U shape column, and circular columns. The circulation of this house is one of the very important thing of this house, having a 4 different kinds of vertically circulation, like a spiral stair, curve stair, straight stair, and the most important one is the lift that is made by the piston and it is designed to please the owner of the house.

This 2 houses have a lot in common to each other but also there are things that are different causes of the way of thinking from 2 different architect. But in this present times, many inspiration had made a lot of impact in design, which is also can be see in Rem Koolhaas work's that he is also being inspired by Le Corbusier's work.

   Villa Savoye - Le Corbusier 

                                                        Maison a Bordeaux - Rem Koolhaas

'Metropolis' by Fritz Lang

Metropolis is a black and white film, which was produced in Germany and directed by Fritz Lang. It is a silent film that have only a background music playing, and whenever the movie is trying to tell some important part, they will run up the words for people to read and understand.

The film is basically about the 2 classes of people in the industrial age, which are the planner and management who live on the ground in a futuristic mega city with luxurious skyscraper. Another class is the working class people that live in the underground. The city was build by Joh Frederson, who has a son named Freder, his life was all about luxurious, but one day that he was at the eternal garden, he saw a bunch of children with a woman who are a working class people. Freder was fascinated by them and when those children and a woman was being chased back down, Freder followed them down and had a chance to experience about the working class people's lives for the first time, that is not so pleasantly to please, when there is a machine that exploded and had killed many people.

After that he has confront his father about this issue, about the explosion and the working class people, but his father didn't listen to him. In which has made Freder going down in the underground and work taking shift between the working people.

In my opinion, this movie is trying to convey about the social crisis about those period of times between the working class and the owner, that the working class people are slave and working under the owner and that they are being treated badly. Somehow that the worker is like a machine that is working with a machine itself.

Tom Wolfe - 'From Bauhaus to our house' book

An opinionated kind of book that critiqued about the architecture that started in Germany which is Bauhaus, it observed about the principles of modern architecture, and its origin, which categorize former work classic and bourgeoise.

Bauhaus is a group of people that come together and share about this information that they want to build this kind of architecture. One of the head leader is Walter Gropius, he is the one who started Bauhaus, and has approach "starting from zero", it is being call this way because Germany had passed during the period of war, in which have many people from other country not liking this style of architecture, and rejected all of it.

Although, this architecture is mostly for working class german but they didn't like this style of architecture either, because they are still wanting the architecture that look grand and luxury. The architecture of Bauhaus is very simple and minimalism, with a very simple shape and form.

However, it was rejected in the past, but in this present, the architecture has got many inspiration from it, that have made the present time of modernism, which can be see from many skyscraper from many country that have a plain and simple shape of architecture.